Long-term outcome after ulnar osteotomy for missed Monteggia fracture dislocation in children

Purpose Missed Monteggia fracture dislocation in children is a serious condition. The treatment of this rare condition is controversial and reports on the long-term outcome are sparse. We present a series of patients treated with open reduction and ulnar osteotomy with a mean long-term follow-up of 8 years (range 3-17). Methods All 16 patients had Bado type 1 (anterior radial head) dislocation. The mean delay from injury to surgery was 17 months (range 1-83). Bilateral radiographs, Oxford Elbow Score, strength measurements, and range of motion were obtained in all patients. Results There were no major complications to surgery. The radiographic results showed ten patients with reduction of the radial head and with no arthrosis, four patients with arthrosis or subluxation, and two patients with a dislocated radial head. We found a significant correlation between radiographic outcome and delay to ulnar osteotomy (P = 0.03). Typical clinical findings were a small but significant extension deficit and mean loss of supination of 10 degrees (range 0-90, P < 0.01). Ligament reconstruction or transfixation of the radial head did not influence the radiographic or clinical outcome. Conclusions Case reports of similar patients treated conservatively demonstrate high morbidity, and, therefore, open reduction and ulnar osteotomy seemed justified. However, this study underlines the importance of minimizing the delay between injury and ulnar osteotomy. If surgery is performed within 40 months after injury, good to fair long-term radiographic results can be obtained. Open reduction and ulnar osteotomy were performed because patients treated conservatively demonstrate high morbidity.