Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in milk and risk factors analysis of seroprevalence in pregnant women at Sharkia, Egypt

Aim: Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important zoonotic parasitic diseases worldwide. Infection is not only acquired by contact with the definitive host, but also by ingestion of raw milk and milk products. The aim of the study was to detect T gondii DNA in milk samples, and to estimate anti-T gondii antibodies in pregnant women for the analysis of the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: The study involved molecular examination of 150 milk samples collected from rural settings at Sharkia, Egypt. Seroprevalence of anti-T gondii antibodies was determined in 100 pregnant women by indirect haemagglutination test. The analysis of risk factors associated with seropositive results was assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: T gondii DNA was detected in 8% and 2% of goat and sheep milk samples, respectively, while none of cow milk samples were positive. Seroprevalence of T gondii antibodies in pregnant women was 82%. anti-T gondii-IgG and anti-T gondii-IgM were detected in 63% and 11% serum samples, respectively. The results showed a significant correlation between the seroprevalence and the contact with cats and consumption of ravv-milk and homemade cheese. Conclusion: The role of raw milk in transmission of T gondii cannot be excluded. Contact with cats remains the main risk factor for acquiring T infection; also consumption of raw milk and milk products is considered an important risk factor. F urther large scale studies are recommended to clarify the association of T gondii seropre valence with different risk factors.