The genus Epipactis Zinn (Orchidaceae) in the flora of Russia

The genus Epipactis Zinn is one of the most complicated genera of the family Orchidaceae. The majority of species in the genus are locally evolved self-pollinating taxa isolated from each other due to autogamy. A tendency to describe a large amount of cross-pollinating species, leading to taxonomic inflation, however, can be observed in recent years. The present paper revises the genus Epipactis within the territory of Russia. Fifteen species and three additional subspecies are recognized: E. palustris (L.) Crantz, E. thunbergii A. Gray, E. atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser, E. condensata Boiss. ex D. P. Young (= E. viridiflora subsp. kuenkeleana Akhalk., H. Baumann, R. Lorenz et Mosul., syn. nov.), E. krymmontana Kreutz, Fateryga et Efimov, E. microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw., E. helleborine (L.) Crantz subsp. helleborine, E. helleborine subsp. papillosa (Franch. et Sav.) Fateryga, stat. nov., E. helleborine subsp. trem-olsii (Pau) E. Klein (= E. turcica Kreutz, syn. nov.; = E. helleborine subsp. levantina Kreutz, Ovari et Shifman, syn. nov.), E. distans Arv.-Touv., E. purpurata Sm., E. leptochila (Godfery) Godfery subsp. leptochila, E. leptochila subsp. neglecta Kumpel, E. muelleri Godfery, E. pontica Taubenheim, E. tangutica Schltr., E. euxina Fateryga, Popovich et Kreutz, and E. persica (Soo) Hausskn. ex Nannf. (= E. taurica Fateryga et Kreutz, syn. nov.).A key to the species and subspecies is provided.