Off-axes forming-limit stress diagrams of an anisotropic steel sheet

In this study the off-axes forming-limit stress diagram is determined. First the experimental forming-limit diagrams at various directions of the sheet are drawn, after which the limit stress states are calculated by means of a step plastic calculation along the experimental strain paths. A reverse calculation allows the determination of the limit strains from the stress curves of various strain path shapes. Very good agreement with experimental results is observed, showing the great value interest of the forming-limit stress diagram, and its independence of the strain path shape.