A NEW VISUALIZATION FOR UNCERTAINTY INTERVALS WITH SURVEY EXAMPLES

We consider different ways to present the uncertainty of the statistical estimates starting from ordinary standard errors and confidence intervals, respectively. Our special attention is in graphical representation. First, we present a commonly used style that often seems to lead to misinterpretations. Hence, we widen it and present a solution that is understandable even for the general public. We further develop this approach to the case when the survey estimates are more or less biased given that the bias can be measured to some extent. Our graphical visualizations are based on the two real survey data sets. We do not concentrate on survey estimation itself but we further use best possible estimates to combine the results.