Effects of triiodothyronine replacement therapy in patients with chronic stable heart failure and low-triiodothyronine syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Objectives The present study assessed the changes in functional, biochemical, and echocardiographic measures following long-term liothyronine therapy in heart failure (HF) patients with low-triiodothyronine (T3) syndrome (LT3S). Methods In the present placebo-controlled, double-blind study, adult patients with clinically stable New York Heart Association functional class I-III systolic HF and LT3S receiving standard HF therapy were randomly assigned 1: 1 to receive oral liothyronine or placebo for 6 weeks. Low-T3 syndrome was defined as a serum free T3 of less than the lower limit of normal (< 2.4 pg/mL) with normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) and free thyroxin values. Results Fifty patients, including 39 (78%) men with a mean +/- standard deviation age of 60 +/- 15 years were included. The 6-min walk distance increased in the liothyronine group by 93 +/- 16m and in the placebo group by 67 +/- 28m, resulting in a treatment effect of 26m(P=0.003). A higher decrease of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level was seen in the liothyronine group than in the placebo group (P=0.009). Liothyronine markedly decreased serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide level compared with the placebo (P=0.01). A significant increase was also seen in the left ventricular ejection fraction by liothyronine as compared with the placebo (< 0.001). Conclusion Triiodothyronine replacement by chronic liothyronine therapy seems to safely benefit stable HF patients with LT3S receiving optimal HF medications.