Surgical wound infections are the second most common healthcare-associated infection. Although usually localized to the incision Site', surgical wound infections can also extend into asitecent deeper Structures; thus, the term surgical wound infection has now been replaced with the more suitable name, surgical site infection (SS!). The term 'antimicrobial prophylaxis' is that the administration; of antimicrobial drug before or just after a person's exP0sing to causative agent t Prevent an int action' Novcaclays' antimicrobial prophylaxis can be divided into two cathgories as surgical prophylaxis and nonsurgical prophylaxis. A large amount of antimicrobial prophylaxis includes surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis. It is known that there are some misthkes during the administration of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis, such as incorrect indication, incorrect administration time of the antimicrobial drugs, unnecessary long thri sadnlinistration. aM incorrect drug selection, Current approaches for the surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis ai-e discussed in this review.