Based on a case report of ozena with Klebsiella ozaenae and Corynebacterium diphtheriae, this publication presents a review of literature concerning the clinical and biological characterization of ozena and also the ethiopathogenic mechanisms proposed for this rhinitis. Klebsiella ozaenae is not the only bacteria isolated in ozena, Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Morganella morganii can be found. Other factors are also supposed to be involved in the processus of this chronic atrophic rhinitis.