We examine the market reaction and shift in risk from nine prominent government interventions in response to the crisis between February 2007 and July 2009 on four types of institutions: banks, savings and loan associations (S&Ls), insurance companies, and real estate investment trusts (REITs). Overall, with the exception of the Troubled Assets Repurchase Program (TARP), the interventions were wealth-decreasing and risk-increasing events for financial institutions. Leveraged firms and firms with higher trading volumes earn significantly lower abnormal returns. For both during- and post-crisis periods, larger firms experience increases in systematic risk; non-U.S. firms experience lower changes in systematic risk. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.