FIRST PRINCIPLES DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS AND BORON ON IRON GRAIN-BOUNDARY COHESION

被引:330
作者
WU, RQ [1 ]
FREEMAN, AJ [1 ]
OLSON, GB [1 ]
机构
[1] NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208
关键词
D O I
10.1126/science.265.5170.376
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Toward an electronic level understanding of intergranular embrittlement and its control in steels, the effects of phosphorus and boron impurities on the energy and electronic properties of both an iron grain boundary and its corresponding intergranular fracture surface are investigated by the local density full potential augmented plane wave method. When structural relaxations are taken into account, the calculated energy difference of phosphorus in the two environments is consistent with its measured embrittlement potency. In contrast to the nonhybridized interaction of iron and phosphorus, iron-boron hybridization permits covalent bonding normal to the boundary contributing to cohesion enhancement. Insights into bonding behavior offer the potential for new directions in alloy composition for improvement of grain boundary-sensitive properties.
引用
收藏
页码:376 / 380
页数:5
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