Double Burden, Non-Communicable Diseases And Risk Factors Evaluation In Sub-Saharan Africa: The Nigerian Experience.

This study was aimed to assess the age and sex specific burden and associated risk factors of NCDs in adult population of South-South Nigeria. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in Uyo Metropolis, in 2009/2010; with 2780 participants (1447 males and 1333 females) aged 18-60 years. Instruments of survey were: a semi-structured questionnaire, anthropometric and non anthropometric measures using standard procedures. The overall prevalence of NCDs was 32.8%. Disease specific prevalence was as follows: 25%, 14.4%, 12.7%, 20.1% and 10% for obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, musculoskeletal disorders and respiratory disorders respectively. Males' vs females' prevalence were: 20.7% vs 29.5%; 12.6% vs 12.2%; 9.7% vs 16.0%; 14.0% vs 26.5% and 8.6% vs 7.6% for obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, musculoskeletal disorders and respiratory disorders respectively. Risk factors with increase odds for NCDs were: age, area of residence, work stress, triglyceride levels and positive family history. Physical inactivity, high total cholesterol level, high general adiposity, high central adiposity and poor dietary habits were equally significantly associated. The high prevalence of NCDs in Nigeria was precipitated by modifiable and un-modifiable life style factors. Intervention programmes should focus on these factors to reverse the trend.