UNDERSTANDING THE WELFARE-STATE - CRISIS, CRITICS, AND COUNTERCRITICS

We are now seeing a new wave of literature about the ''crisis'' of the welfare state. In the earlier wave, some critics charged that social spending significantly detracted from macro- or microeconomic performance, while others challenged the legitimacy or efficacy of welfare programs; a third group worried about the effect of macroeconomic problems on the viability of the welfare state. None of these criticisms can be said to have been satisfactory, and continued reiterations of them betray a lack of cross-national perspective and a priori reasoning about empirical matters. Works with greater historical depth and more recent studies constitute a much-needed reaction against the ''crisis'' literature.