Emotional intelligence and leadership A review of the progress, controversy, and criticism

Purpose - In 1990, Salovey and Mayer presented a framework for emotional intelligence (EI). This marked the beginning of 20 years of academic research, development, and debate on the subject of EI. A significant amount of previous research has attempted to draw out the relationship between EI and leadership performance. EI has been a uniquely controversial area of the social sciences. EI is based on three simple yet fundamental premises. This manuscript reviews the definitions and models in the field of EI with special emphasis on the Mayer ability model and the connection between EI and leadership. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach - This paper takes the form of a literature review. Findings - EI appears to have a foothold in both our popular vernacular and our academic lexicon. However, it is not entirely clear what future form it will take. Originality/value - This manuscript explores the current relationship between EI and leadership, discusses the various instruments and scales used to measure the construct, and examines the controversy and criticism surrounding EI. Finally, it illuminates some areas for additional research.