Chylothorax in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Case Series

Chylothorax, which is defined as the presence of chyle in the pleural space, is often caused by malignancy. However, chylothorax as a result of underlying chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is exceedingly rare in the literature. Chyle contains fat soluble vitamins and lymphocytes, meaning that its collection into the pleural space may further exacerbate the immunosuppressed state of an individual with CLL. Here, we report three cases of patients with CLL who developed chylothorax, and their management. Chylothorax, although rare with CLL, should be considered in the differential diagnosis when patients with CLL present with pleural effusions, especially if recurrent. Discovery of a chylothorax may indicate the need for further treatment of CLL.