Relationship between Plasma Aldosterone Levels and Left Ventricular Mass in Hypertensive Africans

Background. Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Studies have suggested that the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system play a major role in the target organ damage such as left ventricular hypertrophy occuring in hypertension. We sought to determine the relationship between plasma aldosterone and left ventricular mass in untreated African hypertensives. Methods. We recruited 82 newly diagnosed and untreated hypertensives and 51 normal controls. Measurements obtained included echocardiographic LV mass index, plasma aldosterone and renin. Results. The hypertensive subjects had lower renin levels (21.03[6.974] versus 26.66[7.592] ng.mL(-1),p = 0.0013), higher LV mass index (52.56[14.483] versus 42.02[8.315] g.m(-2.7) p < 0.0001) when compared with the controls. There were no univariate associations between LV mass index and plasma aldosterone (p = 0.0179, p = 0.57) and between LV mass index and plasma renin (p = 0.0887, p = 0.61). In a multivariate model involving LV mass index and age, sex, body mass index (BMI), plasma aldosterone, plasma renin and systolic blood pressure (SBP), only age (p = 0.008), BMI (p = 0.046), and SBP (p = 0.001) were independently associated with the LV mass index. Conclusions. In this group of hypertensive Africans, there is no independent association of plasma aldosterone with LV mass. The height of the blood pressure, the body mass index and the age of the subjects determined the LV mass.