RECOGNITION OF EXPERTISE IN DECISION-MAKING GROUPS - EFFECTS OF GROUP-SIZE AND PARTICIPATION PATTERNS

Two studies examined the effects of group size and participation requirements on group performance, expertise, and recognition of group expertise. In Study 1, 324 college students were assigned to work units of 1, 2, 5, or 10 persons. They answered a 20-item multiple-choice quiz covering a variety of topics and assigned point values to items to reflect confidence in the answer. Dependent variables were an overall performance score that reflected point values assigned to correct items, number of correct items (expertise), and percentage of possible points given the number of correct items (recognition of group expertise). Results indicate that all three dependent variables were increased by group size. In Study 2, 216 subjects were assigned to 2- or 10-person groups that used procedures to equalize participation. Results suggest that the procedures affected participation patterns in 10-person groups but did not affect performance measures. Skewed participation patterns that are typical of moderately sized or large groups did not inhibit performance or recognition of group expertise. Findings of both studies suggest that recognition of expertise is an important component of group performance and that it is augmented by group size.