THE ANOPHELIAN FAUNA AND THE TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN MALARIA IN KINSHASA (ZAIRE)

A longitudinal epidemiological study of malaria and its vectors was conducted in Kinshasa. 264 night-bite collections on human bait (1,056 man nights) and 384 collections of the house-resting fauna were carried out from April 1989 to October 1990. The anophelian fauna was identified and inventoried, 7 Anopheles species were found. Anopheles gambiae, An. funestus, An. paludis, An. hancocki, An. coustani, An. brunnipes, and An. nili. A single species, An. gambiae s. 1. is responsible for the transmission of malaria, it represents 93.27 % of the anopheline fauna. The average number of anophele bites man day was 16.28 bites/man/night, it varied between 1 b/m/n in urban area to 26.05 b/m/n in semirural area. The average of the sporozoite index for An. gambiae was 3.3 %, but it varied from 0 % in the urban area to 6.52 % in the semi-rural area. The entomological inoculation rate (h) was 197 infective bites per year. This rate fluctuated from 1 infective bite each 128 nights in urban area to 1.7 infective night-bile in semi-rural area. Other epidemiological index were also determined: the level of daily survival rate (p = 8.75 days), the vectorial capacity of 17.97 and the Macdonald's stability 3.5 bites on man taken by a vector during its entire lifetime.