CARBON, NITROGEN, MAGNESIUM, SILICON, AND TITANIUM ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS OF SINGLE INTERSTELLAR SILICON-CARBIDE GRAINS FROM THE MURCHISON CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE

被引:237
作者
HOPPE, P
AMARI, S
ZINNER, E
IRELAND, T
LEWIS, RS
机构
[1] WASHINGTON UNIV, MCDONNELL CTR SPACE SCI, ST LOUIS, MO 63130 USA
[2] WASHINGTON UNIV, DEPT PHYS, ST LOUIS, MO 63130 USA
[3] UNIV CHICAGO, ENRICO FERMI INST, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA
[4] AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV, RES SCH EARTH SCI, ACT 0200, AUSTRALIA
关键词
METEOROIDS; NUCLEAR REACTIONS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; ABUNDANCES;
D O I
10.1086/174458
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Seven hundred and twenty SiC grains from the Murchison CM2 chondrite, ranging in size from 1 to 10 mum were analyzed by ion microprobe mass spectrometry for their C-isotopic comPositions. Subsets of the grains were also analyzed for N (450 grains), Si (183 grains), Mg (179 grains), and Ti (28 grains) isotopes. These results are compared with previous measurements on 41 larger SiC grains (up to 15 x 26 mum) from a different sample of Murchison analyzed by Virag et al. (1992) and Ireland, Zinner, & Amari (1991a). All grains of the present study are isotopically anomalous with C-12/C-13 ratios ranging from 0.022 to 28.4 x solar, N-14/N-15 ratios from 0.046 to 30 x solar, Si-29/Si-28 from 0.54 to 1.20 x solar, Si-30/Si-28 from 0.42 to 1.14 x solar, Ti-49/Ti-48 from 0.96 to 1.95 x solar, and Ti-50/Ti-48 from 0.94 to 1.39 x solar. Many grains have large Mg-26 excesses from the decay of Al-26 with inferred Al-26/Al-27 ratios ranging up to 0.61, or 12,200 x the ratio of 5 x 10(-5) inferred for the early solar system. Several groups can be distinguished among the SiC grains. Most of the grains have C-13 and N-14 excesses, and their Si isotopic compositions' (mostly excesses in Si-29 and Si-30) plot close to a slope 1.34 line on a deltaSi-29/Si-28 VerSUS deltaSi-30/Si-28 three-isotope plot. Grains with small C-12/C-13 ratios (< 10) tend to have smaller or no N-14 excesses and high Al-26/Al-27 ratios (up to 0.01). Grains with C-12/C-13 > 150 fall into two groups: grains X have N-15 excesses and high Si-29 and Si-30 deficits and the highest (0.1 to 0.6) Al-26/Al-27 ratios; grains Y have N-14 excesses and plot on a slope 0.35 line on a Si three-isotope plot. In addition, large SiC grains of the Virag et al. (1992) study fall into three-distinct clusters according to their C-, Si-, and Ti-isotopic compositions. The isotopic diversity of the grains and the clustering of their isotopic compositions imply distinct and multiple stellar sources. The C- and N-isotopic compositions of most grains are consistent with H-burning in the CNO cycle. These and s-process Kr, Xe, Ba, and Nd suggest asymptotic giant branch (AGB) or Wolf-Rayet stars as likely sources for the grains, but existing models of nucleosynthesis in these stellar sites fail to account in detail for all the observed isotopic compositions. Special problems are posed by grains with C-12/C-13 < 10 and almost normal and heavy N-isotopic compositions. Also the Si- and Ti-isotopic compositions, with excesses in Si-29 and Si-30 relative to Si-28 and excesses in all Ti isotopes relative to Ti-48, do not precisely conform with the compositions predicted for slow neutron capture. Additional theoretical efforts are needed to achieve an understanding of the isotopic composition of the SiC grains and their stellar sources.
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页码:870 / +
页数:1
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