OPTICAL AND ULTRASONIC PROPERTIES OF EUROPIUM PHOSPHATE-GLASSES

To provide an overall picture of the vibrational properties of phosphate glasses containing high concentrations of europium, measurements have been made of their ultrasonic wave velocities and attenuation, optical absorption spectra and laser-induced fluorescence. To examine their valence state, the fluorescence of the glasses has been examined. The spectra do not show any obvious sign of divalent europium ions, only trivalent europium ion fluorescence being observed. Room-temperature absorption spectra of these glasses also provide evidence of only the absorption bands of trivalent europium. The elastic stiffnesses C-11 and C44 continue to increase down to low temperatures and the ultrasonic attenuation is characterized by a broad peak, properties which are consistent with thermally activated relaxations of two-level systems. The longitudinal and shear ultrasonic wave velocities decrease under pressure; the hydrostatic pressure derivatives (partial derivative C-11/partial derivative P)T,P=0 and (partial derivative C44/partial derivative P)T,P=0 of the elastic stiffness tensor components C(IJ) and (partial derivative B/partial derivative P)T,P=0 of the bulk modulus, B(O), are negative. When compressed, the europium phosphate glasses, like their samarium analogues, show the interesting property of becoming easier to squeeze. Measurements, using a pulse superposition technique, of the effect of uniaxial stress on ultrasonic wave velocities have been used to determine the temperature dependences of the third-order elastic stiffness tensor components of (Eu2O3)0.186(P2O5)0.814 and (Eu2O3)0.20(P2O5)0.80 glasses between 77 and 400 K. The uniaxial and hydrostatic pressure dependences of the elastic constants quantify the cubic term in the strain Hamiltonian and the vibrational anharmonicity of the long-wavelength phonons of these glasses. The acoustic mode Gruneisen parameters are negative: application of pressure induces a decrease in the long-wavelength acoustic phonon mode frequencies. As the temperature is reduced the pressure-induced mode softening becomes enhanced. The hydrostatic pressure derivative (partial derivative C-11/partial derivative P)T,P=0 is larger than (partial derivative C44/partial derivative P)T,P=0 over the whole temperature range, and the longitudinal acoustic mode Gruneisen parameter \gamma(L)\ is larger than that \gamma(S)\ of the shear wave: the longitudinal mode softens more with pressure than the shear mode. Murnaghan's equation-of-state is used to determine the compression V(P)/V(O).