The impact of lifestyle modification in preventing or delaying the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus among high-risk people in Jordan

Purpose: To investigate (1) the effectiveness of educational interventions in reducing the risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) among Jordanian adults at high risk, and (2) whether levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy affect the responses of participants towards educational interventions in reducing risks for developing type 2 DM. Design: A comparative experimental pretest-post-test control group design was used. One hundred and thirteen participants at high risk for developing type 2 DM were randomly assigned to a study group (n = 57) and a control group (n = 56) based on the matching technique according to the risk factors. Methods: The participants in the study group received 12 educational sessions about healthy diet guidelines and five educational sessions about guidelines for moderately intense physical activity. Participants in the control group received general written information about diet and exercises, but no specific individualised interventions were offered to them. Results: The risk of type 2 DM among the study group was reduced by 28%. The results also indicated that participants in the study group had significant reduction in their body weight, and body mass index, and fasting blood sugar level. Participants in the study group with higher self-esteem and self-efficacy levels before receiving interventions achieved lower weight loss comparing to those who had lower self-esteem and self-efficacy levels.