Analysis of the mechanisms underlying the antinociceptive effect of the extracts of plants from the genus Phyllanthus

1. We examine some of the mechanisms underlying the analgesic effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts (HE) of Phyllanthus urinaria and P. niruri against formalin-induced nociception in mice. In addition, we also investigate the action of both HEs against capsaicin-mediated pain. 2. Both prazosin and yohimbine (0.15 mg/kg, i.p.) induced a marked inhibition of the analgesic effect caused by phenylephrine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and clonidine (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), respectively, but had no effect on the antinociceptive action caused by HE of P. urinaria (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or P. niruri (30 mg/kg, i.p.). 3. N-G-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG, 75 mg/kg,i.p.) caused marked analgesic effect against the second phase of formalin-induced pain. Treatment of animals with L-arginine (600 mg/kg) completely antagonized the antinociceptive effect of L-NOARG but had no significant effect against the HE of P. urinaria (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or P. niruri (30 mg/kg, i.p.) analgesic properties. 4. The antinociceptive effects caused by the HEs of P. urinaria (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and P. niruri (30 mg/kg, i.p.) were unaffected by methysergide (5 mg/kg, i.p.), p-chloro-phenylalanine-methyl-ester (100 mg/kg, i.p., once a day for 4 consecutive days) or after previous adrenalectomy of animals. 5. The HE of P. urinaria and P. niruri given either intraperitoneally (1-30 mg/kg) or orally (25-200 mg/kg) caused marked and dose-related inhibition of capsaicin-induced pain with ID50 of 2.1 and 6.1 mg/kg given intraperitoneally and 39 and 35 mg/kg given orally, respectively.