Calcium in the nerve terminals of chick ciliary ganglia during facilitation, augmentation and potentiation

1. The calyciform nerve terminals of chick ciliary ganglia were loaded with the calcium indicators calcium green 1 or fura-2. These were used to determine the change in calcium concentration in the terminal, [Ca2+](t), following short (10 impulses) and long (600 impulses) trains of high-frequency (30 Hz) stimulation. 2. Following a single impulse or a short train, the elevated [Ca2+](t) declined along two exponentials with time constants similar to slow (F-2) facilitation (0.52 s) and augmentation (4.0 s). After a long train elevated [Ca2+](t) declined eventually along a single exponential with the time constant of post-tetanic potentiation (162 s). [Ca2+](t) was not elevated through long-term potentiation. 3. Addition of Ba2+ (0.75 mM) to the extracellular solution slowed only the decline of [Ca2+](t) associated with augmentation. The addition of the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside did not affect [Ca2+](t) following short or long trains. 4. Removal of extracellular calcium (buffered with EGTA) and the blockade of calcium channels with Cd2+ completely prevented the changes in [Ca2+](t). 5. The soma of ciliary ganglion cells were loaded with calcium green and the postganglionic nerves stimulated with a single impulse or a short train of impulses. Following stimuli, the elevated [Ca2+](t) declined along a single exponential with a time constant similar to F-2, facilitation with no augmentation component evident. 6. The results are discussed in terms of the hypothesis that each impulse in a train gives an equal increment of residual Ca2+ to a compartment for secretion and that Ca2+ is removed from the compartment by three first-order kinetics processes associated with F-2 facilitation, angmentation and post-tetanic potentiation.