Hydrogen in Diesel Exhaust: Effect on Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Flow Reactor Experiments and Model Predictions

Engine operating strategies typically geared towards higher fuel economy and lower NOx widely affect exhaust composition and temperature. These exhaust variables critically drive the performance of After Treatment (AT) components, and hence should guide their screening and selection. Towards this end, the effect of H-2 level in diesel exhaust on the performance of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) was studied using flow reactor experiments, vehicle emission measurements and mathematical models. Vehicle chassis dynamometer data showed that exhaust from light-duty and heavy-duty diesel trucks contained very little to almost no H-2 (FTP average CO/H-2 similar to 40 to 70) as compared to that of a gasoline car exhaust (FTP average CO/H-2 similar to 3). Two identical flow reactor experiments, one with H-2 (at CO/H-2 similar to 3) and another with no H-2 in the feed were designed to screen DOCs under simulated feed gas conditions that mimicked these two extremes in the exhaust H2 levels. The results from these experiments showed that at moderate space velocities when H-2 was present in the feed, DOC light-off temperature was 20 degrees C lower as compared to when H2 was not present in the feed. This large difference in light-off temperature suggested that DOCs should be screened using feed gas conditions that more closely represent actual vehicle exhaust H-2 level ( which is typically not measured). A DOC model was calibrated using the light-off data from the two flow reactor experiments. The model based on the calibration that included H-2 in the feedgas resulted in predictions of light-duty diesel vehicle CO and HC conversions that were up to 32% higher than the actual measured conversions, further confirming the importance of using realistic engine exhaust conditions on AT design and model development.