Radiation Therapy Patient Education Review and a Case Study Using the Virtual Environment for Radiotherapy Training System

Introduction: The emergence of modern learning environments for radiation therapy (RT) education offers innovative opportunities for RT patients. This article presents a descriptive review of the current state of practice for two recently available tools, the "Virtual Environment for Radiotherapy Training" (VERT) and the "Patient Education And Radiotherapy Learning" (PEARL) systems. Subsequently, a case study summarizes the instructional design and development of an RT breast cancer patient education program, with the intention of providing a blueprint for further patient education initiatives that incorporate VERT. Methods: A total of 278 articles were identified for the descriptive review, using academic databases and a grey literature search. After screening for descriptive accounts of patient education interventions using VERT or PEARL, five full articles were retrieved and coded using a data extraction protocol. This information was used to inform the subsequent development of a breast cancer education program using a three-step development model, encompassing (1) consultation process and literature review; (2) program content and instructional process; and (3) program evaluation plan. The VERT integration process within the second stage is the focus of the case study presented. Results: The literature search found that methods for the design, delivery, and evaluation of the education programs varied across studies. Positive impacts of VERT and PEARL in patient education have been demonstrated. The development of the 1-hour education program was based on comprehensive, evidence-based learner literature and was designed with the intention of specifically engaging learners with the three-dimensional VERT system. In particular, the VERT integration process aimed to exploit VERT's range of visualization features and draw upon the multidisciplinary nature of radiation cancer care. Discussion: VERT and PEARL offer innovative education opportunities and have been justly recognized as valuable tools for RT patient education. When aligned to an educational framework, rich visual displays offered by VERT and PEARL have the potential to support patient education programs and exploit the advantages of a virtual RT environment. With the increasing accessibility of these tools, the data presented in this article offer information for educators interested in development and evaluation of future patient education programs. Feasibility and economic aspects need to be addressed within local departments, and further research is required to ascertain specific capability of VERT and PEARL in supporting psychological and health-related patient outcomes.