INDUSTRIALIZATION OF PAPER-MANUFACTURE DURING THE 19TH-CENTURY

The industrialisation of paper manufacture in the 19th Century follows a "stop-go" pattern. Building upon the technical progress during previous centuries, a continuous production process was made possible by mechanization of the central process (sheet forming). By the application of new chemical and thermal methods the whole production process was, to a very large extent, condensed and shortened. Not only was the manner of production altered but also the product quality. The industrial manufacturing procedure required new sources of raw material and energy; it also caused an increasing burden on the environment. Rising supply, coupled with decreasing prices, indicates a fast growth in social demand.