The limits of time and transitions: challenges to theories of sequential image comprehension

The juxtaposition of two images often produces the illusory sense of time passing, as found in the visual language used in modern comic books, which creates the sense that this linear sequence presents a succession of moments or temporal units. Author and theorist Scott McCloud took this view to an extreme, proposing that sequential images are guided by a notion that 'time = space' (McCloud 2000), because this temporal passage occurs on a spatial surface. To McCloud, this 'temporal mapping' results in a movement of time with a movement of space. This sense of temporality, then, is the 'essence' of comics, which is manifested in McCloud's taxonomy of transitions of panel-to-panel relationships (McCloud 1993). While less specific, this same type of 'essence' of connection can be reflected in Groensteen's types of 'arthrology' across a linear sequence or disparate panels in a broader text (Groensteen 1999).