The conceptual designs of the HTR 500 and the HTR-Module reactors are described. The engineering design criteria and the structure of the pebble bed cores in these reactors are discussed, with special reference to the testing of the high temperature components in the AVR and THTR reactors and in the Interatom KVI Test Facility. Other components that are described include heat exchangers, hot gas ducts, helium circulators with magnetic bearings, steel fiber concrete for the PCRV, computer codes for core layouts, and the status of fuel element testing.