Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in the spiral ganglion cells of guinea pig cochlea

Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) isolated from guinea pig cochlea were investigated using the patch-clamp technique in a whole-cell recording mode. The voltage-dependent Na+ and K+ currents were blocked by adding tetrodotoxin, 4-aminopyridine, and tetraethylammonium to the external solution and by using choline or Cs+ in the external and internal solutions instead of Na+ or K+, respectively. The depolarizing voltage steps evoked inward currents with slow current decay. The maximum amplitude of the inward current increased in a hyperbolic manner with increasing extracellular Ca2+ concentration, indicating that the inward current was a voltage-dependent Ca2+ current (I-Ca) In 5 mM Ca2+ external solution, the I-Ca activated from a membrane potential around -60 mV and reached full activation at about -10 mV. The I-Ca inactivated from about -60 mV and became fully inactivated at about 0 mV, consistent with the high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channel subtype. Ionic selectivities for Ca2+ channels in SGCs were as follows: Ca2+ > Ba2+ > Sr2+. Effects of both inorganic and organic Ca2+ antagonists also were examined. The inhibitory strength was as follows: La3+ > Cd2+ > Ni2+ greater than or equal to Co2+ for inorganic Ca2+ antagonists, and flunarizine > nicardipine > methoxyverapamil > diltiazem for organic ones.