Epigenetics in the Central Nervous System

Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations to the genome, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA synthesis are important mechanisms underlying several physiological and pathological processes in brain. In this review, we introduce the reader to epigenetic mechanisms and describe a potential role for dynamic epigenetic changes in memory formation, aging, and mediating addictive behaviors via long-lasting changes in gene expression. We also discuss evidence for a "histone code" in the central nervous system that mediates synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Collectively, the current rapid growth in epigenetic research could potentially revolutionize our understanding of the molecular changes associated with several neuropsychiatric diseases. Moreover, these studies demonstrate that alteration of the histone modification and/or the DNA methylation might prove to be potent candidates for therapeutic interventions.