DRUMMING BEHAVIOR OF 2 STONEFLY SPECIES, MICROPERLA-BREVICAUDA KAWAI (PELTOPERLIDAE) AND KAMIMURIA-TIBIALIS (PICTET) (PERLIDAE), IN RELATION TO OTHER BEHAVIORS

Drumming and other behaviors of two stonefly species, Microperla brevicauda Kawai and Kamimuria tibialis (Pictet) were observed in the field. M. brevicauda exhibited both contact drumming and non-contact drumming. Contact drumming was performed by a nude or female mounted by other individuals, and the temporal and spatial patterns of contact drumming correlated with copulative behaviors. Non-contact drumming was produced only by males, especially dark-colored males, in the field. But in die laboratory, females responded with non-contact drumming to male's drummings. The frequency of non-contact drumming in M. brevicauda correlated with that of walking, but not with that of copulation in time and space. In K. tibialis, only non-contact drumming by males was observed in the field, and it showed temporal and spatial correlation with walking and flight, and also with copulative behaviors. Male-female exchanges of non-contact drumming were observed in the laboratory, indicating that they function during mate search by males. These observations suggest that significance of drumming behaviors was different between these two species.