Among 70 premature neonates with a gestational age of less than 35 weeks hospitalized at the Yaounde Central Hospital (Cameroon), 30 (42,8 %) were found to have transfontanellar ultrasonography evidence of periventricular or intraventricular hemorrhage. Periventricular or intraventricular bleeding was significantly correlated with a birth weight under 1.500 g, hypothermia, and resuscitation at birth, but not with respiratory distress (respiratory distress syndrome was rare in this study, as in previous studies in black Africa).