Energy dependency and sustainable regional development in the Baltic States - a review

Energy security is one of the most important indicators of sustainable regional development and "green" growth in implementation of EU strategy Europe 2020. It can provide the harmonized development and cohesion of "old" and "new" EU member states. Our paper conducts a comparative study of energy dependency and energy security indicators in the Baltic States. The Baltic countries achieved enormous progress in the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency since their EU accession in 2004. The increase of renewable energy capacities in Baltic States also contributed to the reduction of energy intensity and carbon intensity of economy and energy import dependency. Our results show that amongst all three states, it was Estonia that had achieved the best results in increased use of renewables and energy efficiency improvements and had distinguished itself with the best indicators and economic and regional policy outcomes.