Orbital tumors: a systematic review: part I

The orbit is a relatively small anatomical area. Space-occupying lesions generally increase orbital volume and can result in proptosis of the globe and adversely affect visual acuity and extraocular muscle function, leading to decreased vision and diplopia. Orbital tumors comprise a group of diverse tumors from benign to malignant diseases. Orbital tumors can be classified into pediatric (<= 18 years) or adult (> 18 years) orbital tumors. The most common pediatric orbital tumors are dermoid cyst, capillary hemangioma and rhabdomyosarcoma. The top adult orbital tumors are lymphoid tumors, cavernous hemangioma, lacrimal gland tumors and idiopathic orbital inflammation. Several important developments have occurred both in clinical management and pathologic evaluation of orbital tumors. A new classification system (ISSVA) was devised for orbital vascular tumors. Capillary hemangiomas are now treated preferentially with oral beta-blocker agents, and lymphangiomas can be reduced with sildenafil.