Is endoanal, introital or transperineal ultrasound diagnosis of sphincter defects more strongly associated with anal incontinence?

[1] Laine K(2009)Changing incidence of anal sphincter tears in four Nordic countries through the last decades Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 146 71-75

[2] Gissler M(2013)Third- and fourth-degree perineal tears among primiparous women in England between 2000 and 2012: time trends and risk factors BJOG 120 1516-1525

[3] Pirhonen J(2001)Anal sphincter damage after vaginal delivery: functional outcome and risk factors for fecal incontinence Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 80 830-834

[4] Gurol-Urganci I(2008)Long-term anal continence and quality of life following postpartum anal sphincter injury Colorectal Dis 10 793-799

[5] Cromwell DA(2008)Long-term effects of anal sphincter rupture during vaginal delivery: faecal incontinence and sexual complaints BJOG 115 234-238

[6] Edozien LC(1994)Third degree obstetric anal sphincter tears: risk factors and outcome of primary repair BMJ 308 887-891

[7] Mahmood TA(2010)Outcome of primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS): does the grade of tear matter? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 36 368-374

[8] Adams EJ(2014)Outcome of repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries after three years Int J Gynaecol Obstet 127 47-50

[9] Richmond DH(2001)Does a second delivery increase the risk of anal incontinence? BJOG 108 684-688

[10] Templeton A(2009)Mode of delivery after previous obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS)—a reappraisal? Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 20 1095-1101

[1] Laine K(2009)Changing incidence of anal sphincter tears in four Nordic countries through the last decades Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 146 71-75

[2] Gissler M(2013)Third- and fourth-degree perineal tears among primiparous women in England between 2000 and 2012: time trends and risk factors BJOG 120 1516-1525

[3] Pirhonen J(2001)Anal sphincter damage after vaginal delivery: functional outcome and risk factors for fecal incontinence Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 80 830-834

[4] Gurol-Urganci I(2008)Long-term anal continence and quality of life following postpartum anal sphincter injury Colorectal Dis 10 793-799

[5] Cromwell DA(2008)Long-term effects of anal sphincter rupture during vaginal delivery: faecal incontinence and sexual complaints BJOG 115 234-238

[6] Edozien LC(1994)Third degree obstetric anal sphincter tears: risk factors and outcome of primary repair BMJ 308 887-891

[7] Mahmood TA(2010)Outcome of primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS): does the grade of tear matter? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 36 368-374

[8] Adams EJ(2014)Outcome of repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries after three years Int J Gynaecol Obstet 127 47-50

[9] Richmond DH(2001)Does a second delivery increase the risk of anal incontinence? BJOG 108 684-688

[10] Templeton A(2009)Mode of delivery after previous obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS)—a reappraisal? Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 20 1095-1101