The Feasibility and Effectiveness of School-Based Modular Therapy: A Systematic Literature Review

Modular therapies are systematic approaches to mental health treatment based on therapeutic elements common to multiple evidence-based practices. Given the flexibility and efficacy demonstrated in outpatient settings, modular therapies may be a feasible and effective approach to mental health treatment in schools. We conducted a systematic literature review to summarize the current evidence regarding modular school mental health programs, which consisted of seven studies investigating four distinct school-based modular treatment packages for internalizing concerns. In our review, no studies specifically examined modular therapy for disruptive behavior disorders—a common referral question for school mental health practitioners. Overall, the modular approach appears to be acceptable to stakeholders, but it is unclear whether school-based clinicians can implement proposed modules with adequate integrity, which limits the conclusions that can be drawn regarding real-world effectiveness. We believe implementation studies are needed to draw firm conclusions regarding the feasibility and effectiveness of modular school mental health, but the research to date appears promising.