Cyclosporin, methotrexate and prednisolone for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis in allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cell transplants

The utility of GVHD prophylaxis with cyclosporin, MTX and prednisolone (CSA/MTX/Pred) in allogeneic PBPC transplants is not well described although there are published data using this combination after bone marrow transplants. The effectiveness of this regimen on the prevention of GVHD was assessed in 107 consecutive sibling and less-than-ideal donor transplant recipients over a 5-year period and compared to that observed in 65 patients receiving standard CSA and short-course MTX without prednisolone. Oral prednisolone was commenced on day +14 at 0.5 mg/kg per day, increased to 1 mg/kg per day on day +21 to day +34 then gradually tapered and ceased by day +100. The cumulative incidence of acute GVHD (grades II–IV) to day 100 in those receiving prednisolone prophylaxis was lower (52 versus 76%, P<0.01). The onset of symptomatic GVHD requiring systemic treatment was delayed from a median of 41 days post transplant to 92 days. When assessment of the cumulative incidence of symptomatic GVHD continued to day +180 incidence became similar (74 versus 78%), there was no difference between the two groups in rates of relapse, transplant-related mortality, infections or chronic GVHD. We conclude that the addition of prednisolone to CSA/MTX delays the onset of early acute GVHD in PBPC recipients but has no impact on the overall incidence of GVHD.