Methodological Issues in Nutritional Epidemiology Research—Sorting Through the Confusion

被引:13
作者
Cainzos-Achirica M. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Bilal U. [4 ,5 ]
Kapoor K. [2 ]
Ayala R.Q. [2 ]
McEvoy J.W. [2 ,6 ]
Pladevall-Vila M. [3 ,7 ]
Blumenthal R.S. [2 ]
Blaha M.J. [2 ,8 ,9 ]
机构
[1] Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona
[2] Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
[3] RTI Health Solutions, Pharmacoepidemiology and Risk Management, Barcelona
[4] Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA
[5] Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid
[6] Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
[7] The Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
[8] Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
[9] Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Blalock 524D1, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, 21287, MD
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
Bias; Coffee; Confounding; Epidemiologic methods; Nutritional epidemiology; Observational;
D O I
10.1007/s12170-018-0567-8
中图分类号
学科分类号
摘要
Purpose of Review: Our purpose was to discuss the methodological limitations of observational nutritional epidemiology research, using observational studies on coffee intake and health as a case example. Recent Findings: A number of recent observational studies on the potential health effects of daily coffee intake have reported protective associations between higher coffee intake and a variety of health outcomes, including death. This is inconsistent with the findings from classic studies showing an increased risk of coronary heart disease events, performed in young adults with a homogeneous education level, and adjusting for tobacco use. Summary: Many nutritional epidemiological studies have important limitations, which limit their validity. These include the use of prevalent user designs, risk of reverse causality, measurement error particularly of the exposure of interest, and residual confounding by socioeconomic status. In this review, we discuss these potential issues and provide constructive recommendations intended to help minimize them. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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