X-Ray Holography

In the last decade holographic methods using hard X rays were developed. They are able to resolve atomic distances, and can give the 3-D arrangement of atoms around a selected element. Therefore, hard X-ray holography has potential applications in chemistry, biology, and physics. In this article, we give a general description of these methods and discuss the possible applications in structural research. Although the technique is in the developmental stage, its capabilities will be demonstrated by experimental examples.