Focused Treatment of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Using Sacubitril/Valsartan

The clinical syndrome of heart failure (HF) can be described as the reduced capacity of the heart to deliver blood throughout the body. To compensate for inadequate tissue perfusion, the renin–angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) become activated, resulting in increased blood pressure, heart rate, and blood volume. Consequent activation of the natriuretic peptide system (NPS) typically balances these effects; however, the NPS is unable to sustain compensation for excessive neurohormonal activation over time. Until recently, mortality benefits have been provided to patients with HF only by therapies that target the RAAS and SNS, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and beta-blockers. Sacubitril/valsartan, the first-in-class angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), targets both the NPS and RAAS to further improve clinical outcomes. This review discusses the focused management of patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and suggests changes to current management paradigms. From this assessment, the evidence supports favoring sacubitril/valsartan over ACEIs or ARBs, and this therapy should be used in conjunction with beta-blockers to further decrease morbidity and mortality in patients with HFrEF.