Porous Medium Applications in Internal Combustion Engines: A Review

Internal combustion engines nowadays account for a sizable portion of greenhouse gas emissions and the depletion of fossil fuel resources. This issue challenges researchers to develop strategies for optimizing the performance of internal combustion engines. Since numerous studies have demonstrated its remarkable effect on reducing engine emissions and increasing engine efficiency, the concept of porous medium application in internal combustion engines has attracted considerable interest. This paper aims to review the fundamental concepts of porous medium application in internal combustion engines and the numerical and experimental results of the research. While it has been established that the field is sufficiently significant, there is still a need for more comprehensive and reliable experiments that can provide feasible directives.