Program sketching

Sketching is a synthesis methodology that aims to bridge the gap between a programmer's high-level insights about a problem and the computer's ability to manage low-level details. In sketching, the programmer uses a partial program, a sketch, to describe the desired implementation strategy, and leaves the low-level details of the implementation to an automated synthesis procedure. In order to generate an implementation from the programmer provided sketch, the synthesizer uses counterexample-guided inductive synthesis (CEGIS). Inductive synthesis refers to the process of generating candidate implementations from concrete examples of correct or incorrect behavior. CEGIS combines a SAT-based inductive synthesizer with an automated validation procedure, a bounded model-checker, that checks whether the candidate implementation produced by inductive synthesis is indeed correct and to produce new counterexamples. The result is a synthesis procedure that is able to handle complex problems from a variety of domains including ciphers, scientific programs, and even concurrent data-structures. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.