Estrogen therapy and urinary incontinence: what is the evidence and what do we tell our patients?

[1] Fantl JA(1994)Estrogen therapy in the management of urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis. First report of the Hormones and Urogenital Therapy Committee Obstet Gynecol 83 12-18

[2] Cardozo L(1993)Estrogen effects on the urethra: beneficial effects in women with genuine stress incontinence Obstet Gynecol Surv 48 509-517

[3] McClish DK(1990)Transvaginal estrogen therapy in urinary stress incontinence Minerva Ginecol 42 539-544

[4] Elia G(2000)Power Doppler of the urethra in continent or incontinent, pre- and postmenopausal women Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 11 148-154

[5] Bergman A(1984)Urethral sphincteric insufficiency in postmenopausal females: treatment with phenylpropanolamine and estriol separately and in combination. A urodynamic and clinical evaluation Urol Int 39 211-216

[6] Sacco F(1983)Effect of hormones on urethral sensitivity to phenylephrine in normal and incontinent dogs Res Vet Sci 34 177-181

[7] Rigon G(1998)Meta-analysis of estrogen therapy in the management of urogenital atrophy in postmenopausal women: second report of the Hormones and Urogenital Therapy Committee Obstetrics and Gynecology 92 722-727

[8] Carbone A(2003)Oestrogens for urinary incontinence in women (Cochrane Review) Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2 CD001405-120

[9] Sacchini D(2001)Postmenopausal hormones and incontinence: the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study Obstet Gynecol 97 116-948

[10] Jarmy-Di Bella ZI(2005)Effects of estrogen with and without progestin on urinary incontinence JAMA 293 935-945

[1] Fantl JA(1994)Estrogen therapy in the management of urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis. First report of the Hormones and Urogenital Therapy Committee Obstet Gynecol 83 12-18

[2] Cardozo L(1993)Estrogen effects on the urethra: beneficial effects in women with genuine stress incontinence Obstet Gynecol Surv 48 509-517

[3] McClish DK(1990)Transvaginal estrogen therapy in urinary stress incontinence Minerva Ginecol 42 539-544

[4] Elia G(2000)Power Doppler of the urethra in continent or incontinent, pre- and postmenopausal women Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 11 148-154

[5] Bergman A(1984)Urethral sphincteric insufficiency in postmenopausal females: treatment with phenylpropanolamine and estriol separately and in combination. A urodynamic and clinical evaluation Urol Int 39 211-216

[6] Sacco F(1983)Effect of hormones on urethral sensitivity to phenylephrine in normal and incontinent dogs Res Vet Sci 34 177-181

[7] Rigon G(1998)Meta-analysis of estrogen therapy in the management of urogenital atrophy in postmenopausal women: second report of the Hormones and Urogenital Therapy Committee Obstetrics and Gynecology 92 722-727

[8] Carbone A(2003)Oestrogens for urinary incontinence in women (Cochrane Review) Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2 CD001405-120

[9] Sacchini D(2001)Postmenopausal hormones and incontinence: the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study Obstet Gynecol 97 116-948

[10] Jarmy-Di Bella ZI(2005)Effects of estrogen with and without progestin on urinary incontinence JAMA 293 935-945