The results of measurements of the dynamic elastic limit and spall strength under shock-wave loading of aluminum samples AD1 of thicknesses between 0.5 and 10.0 mm at room temperature and at temperature increased up to 600°C are presented. The anomalous thermal hardening of aluminum under high strain rate has been confirmed. An analysis of the decay of precursors at temperatures of 20 and 600°C has shown that the change in the main mechanism of drag of dislocations occurs at a strain rate equal approximately to 5 × 103 s−1, which agrees with the results of measurements by the Hopkinson split bar method. The results of measurements of the spall strength in a wide range of strain rates add the previously obtained data and agree with them.