Differences in prevalence rates of PTSD in various European countries explained by war exposure, other trauma and cultural value orientation

被引：74
作者：
Burri A. [1 ]
Maercker A. [1 ]
机构：
[1] Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich
来源：
BMC Research Notes | / 7卷 / 1期
关键词：
Cross-cultural assessment; Cultural values; Mental disorder; Post-traumatic stress disorder; PTSD; Societies; War trauma; World War II;
D O I：
10.1186/1756-0500-7-407
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Background: Guided by previous explorations of historical and cultural influences on the occurrence of PTSD, the aim of the present study was to investigate the contributions of war victimisation (in particular, World War II) and other civil trauma on the prevalence of PTSD, as mediated by cultural value orientation. Secondary data analysis was performed for 12 European countries using data, including PTSD prevalence and number of war victims, crime victims, and natural disaster victims, from different sources. Ten single value orientations, as well as value aggregates for traditional and modern factors, were investigated. Results: Whilst differences in PTSD prevalence were strongly associated with war victim rates, associations, albeit weaker, were also found between crime victims and PTSD. When cultural value orientations, such as stimulation and conformity as representatives of modern and traditional values, were included in the multivariate predictions of PTSD prevalence, an average of approximately 80% of PTSD variance could be explained by the model, independent of the type of trauma exposure. Conclusion: The results suggest that the aftermath of war contributes to current PTSD prevalence, which may be explained by the high proportion of the older population who directly or indirectly experienced traumatic war experiences. Additional findings for other types of civil trauma point towards an interaction between value orientation and country-specific trauma rates. Particularly, being personally oriented towards stimulation appears to interact with differences in trauma prevalence. Thus, cultural value orientation might be viewed not only as an individual intrinsic process but also as a compensatory strategy after trauma exposure. © 2014 Burri and Maercker; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
引用
收藏
相关论文
共 42 条
[1]  
Wittchen H.U., Jacobi F., Rehm J., Gustavsson A., Svensson M., Jonsson B., The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 21, pp. 655-679, (2011)
[2]  
Hinton D.E., Lewis-Fenandez R., The cross-cultural validity of posttraumatic stress disorder, Depress Anxiety, 28, pp. 783-801, (2011)
[3]  
Stein D.J., Seedat S., Iversen A., Wessely S., Post-traumatic stress disorder: Medicine and politics, Lancet, 369, 9556, pp. 139-144, (2007)
[4]  
Alcantara S., Casement M.D., Lewis-Fernandez R., Conditional risk for PTSD among Latinos: A systematic review of racial/ethnic differences and sociocultural explanations, Clin Psychol Rev, 33, pp. 107-119, (2013)
[5]  
Jones E., Hodgins Vermaas R., McCartney H., Beech C., Palmer I., Hyams K., Wessely S., Flashbacks and post-traumatic stress disorder: The genesis of a 20th-century diagnosis, British Journal of Psychiatry, 182, FEB., pp. 158-163, (2003)
[6]  
Maercker A., Mohiyeddini C., Muller M., Xie W., Hui Yang Z., Wang J., Traditionalversusmodernvalues, self-perceived interpersonal factors, and post-traumatic stress in Chinese and German crime victims, Psychol Psychother, 82, pp. 219-232, (2009)
[7]  
Muller M., Forstmeier S., Wagner B., Maercker A., Traditional versus modern values and interpersonal factors predicting stress response syndromes in a Swiss elderly population, Psychol Health Med, 16, pp. 631-640, (2011)
[8]  
Agbayani-Siewert P., Takeuchi DT, (1999)
[9]  
Thakker J., Ward T., Culture and classification: The cross-cultural application of the DSM- IV, Clinical Psychology Review, 18, 5, pp. 501-529, (1998)
[10]  
Schwartz S., A Theory of Cultural Value Orientations: Explication and Applications, Comp Sociol, 5, pp. 2-3, (2006)
12345