Associative spectra of graph algebras are examined with the help of homomorphisms of DFS trees. Undirected graphs are classified according to the associative spectra of their graph algebras; there are only three distinct possibilities: constant 1, powers of 2, and Catalan numbers. Associative and antiassociative digraphs are described, and associative spectra are determined for certain families of digraphs, such as paths, cycles, and graphs on two vertices.
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Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Ctr Matemat & Aplicacoes, P-2829516 Quinta Da Torre, Caparica, PortugalUniv Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Ctr Matemat & Aplicacoes, P-2829516 Quinta Da Torre, Caparica, Portugal
Lehtonen, Erkko
Waldhauser, Tamas
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Univ Szeged, Bolyai Inst, Aradi Vertanuk Tere 1, H-6720 Szeged, HungaryUniv Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Ctr Matemat & Aplicacoes, P-2829516 Quinta Da Torre, Caparica, Portugal
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Linnaeus Univ, Math Dept, Vaxjo, SwedenLinnaeus Univ, Math Dept, Vaxjo, Sweden
Bock, Wolfgang
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Canto, Cristobal Gil
Barquero, Dolores Martin
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Univ Malaga, Escuela Ingn Ind, Dept Matemat Aplicada, Malaga, SpainLinnaeus Univ, Math Dept, Vaxjo, Sweden
Barquero, Dolores Martin
Gonzalez, Candido Martin
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Univ Malaga, Fac Ciencias, Dept Algebra Geometria & Topol, Malaga, SpainLinnaeus Univ, Math Dept, Vaxjo, Sweden
Gonzalez, Candido Martin
Campos, Ivan Ruiz
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Univ Malaga, Fac Ciencias, Dept Algebra Geometria & Topol, Malaga, SpainLinnaeus Univ, Math Dept, Vaxjo, Sweden
Campos, Ivan Ruiz
Sebandal, Alfilgen
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Mindanao State Univ, Iligan Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Iligan, Philippines
Western Sydney Univ, Sydney, Australia
Res Ctr Theoret Phys, Jagna, PhilippinesLinnaeus Univ, Math Dept, Vaxjo, Sweden