Surface structures in the Te/Ni(111) system are revealed by using reflection high-energy electron diffraction combined with X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies. At a 0.33 mono-layer (ML)-Te/Ni(111) surface, a reversible structural phase transition is observed with a transition temperature Tc of 380 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$^{\circ}$\end{document}C. The diffraction pattern from the low temperature phase is accompanied by streaks. The high and low temperature phases are characterized by \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$\sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3} R\pm30^{\circ}$\end{document} and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$3 \times \sqrt{3}$\end{document} rectangle, respectively. The mechanism of the phase transition is explained by the order-disorder transition with a rumpled chain model. Both 0.51 ML- and 0.44 ML-Te/Ni(111) surfaces exhibit the complex diffraction patterns accompanied by diffuse streaks. These surface structures are characterized by the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$7 \times \sqrt{3}$\end{document} rectangle and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$5 \sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3} R \pm30^{\circ}$\end{document}, respectively. All diffuse streaks obtained at the above surfaces are consistently interpreted in the view of the ill-ordered arrangements of the well-ordered \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$\sqrt{3}$\end{document} linear chains. It is shown that the “\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$\sqrt{3}$\end{document} linear structure” is the key in the Te/Ni(111) system.
