Identifying the hydrochemical characteristics of rivers and groundwater by multivariate statistical analysis in the Sanjiang Plain, China

被引：31
作者：
Cao Y. [1 ,2 ]
Tang C. [1 ,2 ]
Song X. [3 ]
Liu C. [3 ]
Zhang Y. [3 ]
机构：
[1] School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou
[2] Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo
[3] Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Process, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Rd. A11, Chaoyang District, Beijing
来源：
Applied Water Science | 2016年 / 6卷 / 02期
关键词：
Discriminant analysis; Factor analysis; Hydrochemistry; The Sanjiang Plain;
D O I：
10.1007/s13201-014-0215-5
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Two multivariate statistical technologies, factor analysis (FA) and discriminant analysis (DA), are applied to study the river and groundwater hydrochemistry and its controlling processes in the Sanjiang Plain of the northeast China. Factor analysis identifies five factors which account for 79.65 % of the total variance in the dataset. Four factors bearing specific meanings as the river and groundwater hydrochemistry controlling processes are divided into two groups, the “natural hydrochemistry evolution” group and the “pollution” group. The “natural hydrochemistry evolution” group includes the salinity factor (factor 1) caused by rock weathering and the residence time factor (factor 2) reflecting the groundwater traveling time. The “pollution” group represents the groundwater quality deterioration due to geogenic pollution caused by elevated Fe and Mn (factor 3) and elevated nitrate (NO3 −) introduced by human activities such as agriculture exploitations (factor 5). The hydrochemical difference and hydraulic connection among rivers (surface water, SW), shallow groundwater (SG) and deep groundwater (DG) group are evaluated by the factor scores obtained from FA and DA (Fisher’s method). It is showed that the river water is characterized as low salinity and slight pollution, and the shallow groundwater has the highest salinity and severe pollution. The SW is well separated from SG and DG by Fisher’s discriminant function, but the SG and DG can not be well separated showing their hydrochemical similarities, and emphasize hydraulic connections between SG and DG. © 2014, The Author(s).
引用
收藏
页码：169 / 178
页数：9
相关论文
共 29 条
[1]  
Cao Y., Tang C., Song X., Liu C., Zhang Y., Characteristics of nitrate in major rivers and aquifers of the Sanjiang Plain, China, J Environ Monit, 14, 10, pp. 2624-2633, (2012)
[2]  
Cao Y., Tang C., Song X., Liu C., Zhang Y., Residence time as a key for comprehensive assessment of the relationship between changing land use and nitrates in regional groundwater systems, Environ Sci: Process Impacts, 15, 4, pp. 876-885, (2013)
[3]  
Carroll J.B., An analytical solution for approximating simple structure in factor analysis, Psychometrika, 18, 1, pp. 23-38, (1953)
[4]  
Cloutier V., Lefebvre R., Therrien R., Savard M.M., Multivariate statistical analysis of geochemical data as indicative of the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in a sedimentary rock aquifer system, J Hydrol, 353, 3, pp. 294-313, (2008)
[5]  
Dalton M.G., Upchurch S.B., Interpretation of hydrochemical facies by factor analysis, Ground Water, 16, 4, pp. 228-233, (1978)
[6]  
de Andrade E.M., Palacio H.A.Q., Souza I.H., de Oliveira Leao R.A., Guerreiro M.J., Land use effects in groundwater composition of an alluvial aquifer (Trussu River, Brazil) by multivariate techniques, Environ Res, 106, 2, pp. 170-177, (2008)
[7]  
Dragon K., Application of factor analysis to study contamination of a semi-confined aquifer (Wielkopolska Buried Valley aquifer, Poland), J Hydrol, 331, 1, pp. 272-279, (2006)
[8]  
Gibbs R.J., Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry, Science, 170, 3962, pp. 1088-1090, (1970)
[9]  
Hardle W., Simar L., Applied multivariate statistical analysis, (2007)
[10]  
Jang C.-S., Applying scores of multivariate statistical analyses to characterize relationships between hydrochemical properties and geological origins of springs in Taiwan, J Geochem Explor, 105, 1, pp. 11-18, (2010)
123