Pathophysiology and risk factors for osteonecrosis

被引:177
作者
Shah K.N. [1 ]
Racine J. [1 ]
Jones L.C. [2 ]
Aaron R.K. [1 ]
机构
[1] Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 100 Butler Drive, Providence, 02906, RI
[2] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 601 N. Caroline Street, 5245, Baltimore, 21287, MD
关键词
Intraosseous extravascular compression; Intravascular occlusion; Microcirculation; Osteonecrosis; Subchondral bone resorption; Vascular interruption;
D O I
10.1007/s12178-015-9277-8
中图分类号
学科分类号
摘要
Osteonecrosis, also known as avascular necrosis or AVN, is characterized by a stereotypical pattern of cell death and a complex repair process of bone resorption and formation. It is not the necrosis itself but rather the resorptive component of the repair process that results in loss of structural integrity and subchondral fracture. Most likely, a common pathophysiological pathway exists involving compromised subchondral microcirculation. Decreased femoral head blood flow can occur through three mechanisms: vascular interruption by fractures or dislocation, intravascular occlusion from thrombi or embolic fat, or intraosseous extravascular compression from lipocyte hypertrophy or Gaucher cells. In this review, we emphasize etiologic relationships derived mostly from longitudinal cohort studies or meta-analyses whose causal relationships to osteonecrosis can be estimated with confidence. Understanding risk factors and pathophysiology has therapeutic implications since several treatment regimens are available to optimize femoral head circulation, interrupt bone resorption, and preserve the subchondral bone. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
引用
收藏
页码:201 / 209
页数:8
相关论文
共 89 条
[11]  
Atsumi T., Et al., Bone arteriography of the femoral head of humans in normal and pathological conditions, Bone circulation and vascularization in normal and pathological conditions, pp. 293-299, (1993)
[12]  
Atsumi T., Kuroki Y., Role of impairment of blood supply of the femoral head in the pathogenesis of idiopathic osteonecrosis, Clin Orthop Relat Res, 277, pp. 22-30, (1992)
[13]  
Atsumi T., Kuroki Y., Yamano K., A microangiographic study of idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head, Clin Orthop Relat Res, 246, pp. 186-194, (1989)
[14]  
Ohzono K., Et al., Intraosseous arterial architecture in nontraumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Microangiographic and histologic study, Clin Orthop Relat Res, 277, pp. 79-88, (1992)
[15]  
Kiaer T., Et al., Intra-osseous pressure and oxygen tension in avascular necrosis and osteoarthritis of the hip, J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 72, 6, pp. 1023-1030, (1990)
[16]  
Tsukamoto H., Et al., Evaluation of marrow perfusion in the femoral head by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. Effect of venous occlusion in a dog model, Invest Radiol, 27, 4, pp. 275-281, (1992)
[17]  
Ficat R.P., Idiopathic bone necrosis of the femoral head: Early diagnosis and treatment, J Bone Joint Surg, 67B, pp. 3-9, (1985)
[18]  
Hungerford D.S., Early diagnosis and treatment of ischemic necrosis of the femoral head, Progress in orthopaedic surgery, (1981)
[19]  
Camp J.F., Colwell C.W., Core decompression of the femoral head for osteonecrosis, J Bone Joint Surg, 68A, (1986)
[20]  
Hauzeur J.P.H., Pasteels J.L., Orloff S., Bilateral non-traumatic aseptic osteonecrosis in the femoral head, J Bone Joint Surg, 69A, pp. 1221-1225, (1987)