Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation Alters Key Properties of Cardiac Mitochondria and Modestly Attenuates Development of Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure

Purpose Supplementation with the n3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is beneficial in heart failure patients, however the mechanisms are unclear. DHA is incorporated into membrane phospholipids, which may prevent mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus we assessed the effects of DHA supplementation on cardiac mitochondria and the development of heart failure caused by aortic pressure overload. Methods Pathological cardiac hypertrophy was generated in rats by thoracic aortic constriction. Animals were fed either a standard diet or were supplemented with DHA (2.3 % of energy intake). Results After 14 weeks, heart failure was evident by left ventricular hypertrophy and chamber enlargement compared to shams. Left ventricle fractional shortening was unaffected by DHA treatment in sham animals (44.1 +/- 1.6 % vs. 43.5 +/- 2.2 % for standard diet and DHA, respectively), and decreased with heart failure in both treatment groups, but to a lesser extent in DHA treated animals (34.9 +/- 1.7 %) than with the standard diet (29.7 +/- 1.5 %, P < 0.03). DHA supplementation increased DHA content in mitochondrial phospholipids and decreased membrane viscosity. Myocardial mitochondrial oxidative capacity was decreased by heart failure and unaffected by DHA. DHA treatment enhanced Ca2+ uptake by subsarcolemmal mitochondria in both sham and heart failure groups. Further, DHA lessened Ca2+-induced mitochondria swelling, an index of permeability transition, in heart failure animals. Heart failure increased hydrogen peroxide-induced mitochondrial permeability transition compared to sham, which was partially attenuated in interfibrillar mitochondria by treatment with DHA. Conclusions DHA decreased mitochondrial membrane viscosity and accelerated Ca2+ uptake, and attenuated susceptibility to mitochondrial permeability transition and development of left ventricular dysfunction.