Research highlights from the literature

Atrial fibrillation is considered a relatively benign condition; however, hemodynamic compromise and excessive embolism and stroke risk are major concerns. Pulmonary vein ablation close to the left atrium using radiofrequency catheters is becoming increasingly popular in the treatment of atrial fibrillation. A recent study suggests that the therapeutic response to pulmonary vein ablation is explained by modulation of adjacent autonomic structures rather than interruption of “electrical circuits” within the artery wall. Two independent studies in patients who survived a myocardial infarction further support the idea that impaired cardiac autonomic function may have utility in predicting risk of future cardiovascular events or death. Perhaps, patients identified in this fashion may benefit from more aggressive treatment—a hypothesis needs to be tested in prospective trials.